Sustainable Waste Management in Developing Economies: Reviewing Circular Economy Approaches

Abstract

The emergence of large amounts of waste due to factors such as urbanization, population growth, industrial development, and changes in consumption patterns has become an environmental and socio-economic concern for developing countries. Traditional waste management models based on activities such as collecting and disposing of waste have been unable to manage emerging waste streams. As a result, the concept of circular economy has been introduced to promote sustainability through efficient use of resources, waste minimization, and value recovery from discarded materials. This paper reviews the use of circular economy methods to foster sustainable waste management in developing nations. Specifically, the review will focus on some of the major strategies adopted for managing waste sustainably within the circular economy model. Strategies include waste prevention, reuse, recycling, valorisation of organic wastes, energy production from waste streams, and industrial symbiosis. It is important to analyse challenges that exist in developing countries for implementing these practices. In addition, the review will consider the contribution of the informal waste sector in developing countries and make comparisons between Asia, Africa, and Latin America. It is evident from the results that the application of circular economy strategies could lead to waste reduction, natural resources conservation, employment creation, and climate change prevention. Yet, the successful adoption and implementation of such strategies need better policies, investment, collaboration among stakeholders, and capacity building. On the whole, a circular economy offers a realistic path to sustainability in developing countries.